Across countries, contact-tracing applications have been effective in identifying Covid-19 patients and reducing Covid-19 clusters. They have enabled businesses to resume operations more quickly, thanks to real-time updates on the Covid-19 situation.

Despite their efficacy, these apps have brought about one very real concern: data privacy. For many, they seem unnecessarily intrusive, as users are required to submit a great deal of personal information, including their name, identification number, phone number and house address, and to log their whereabouts.