Bill Nelson, President Bidens new NASA administrator, has carried on that hawkish rhetoric, casting China as a very aggressive competitor that has big ambitions in space and is challenging Americas leadership. Watch the Chinese, he recently warned.Nelsons strategy, like the Trump administrations, is to cast China as a competitor racing not only to the moon, but for leadership in space more broadly. Its a scenario that got a boost Thursday when China launched the first group of astronauts to its nascent space station for what is expected to be a three-month stay the longest duration space mission ever by a Chinese crew.Story continues below advertisementSome doubt the wisdom of Nelsons approach, however.Making the Chinese space station out to be such a serious threat is a mistake as it plays into Chinas own political goals, said Brian Weeden, the director of program planning at the Secure World Foundation, a think tank whose mission statement calls for the promotion of ideas and actions to achieve the secure, sustainable, and peaceful uses of space benefiting Earth and all its peoples.China is trying to use its space station to show that it, too, is a space power, and these constant allusions to a space race and concerns about the threat posed by their space station are reinforcing that message, Weeden said. Thursdays launch, he said, was an important achievement, but it does not mean China has equaled, let alone surpassed, the U.S.Story continues below advertisementCooperation with China in space is not on the horizon. NASA, which landed men on the moon in 1969 and has had crew living aboard the International Space Station for 20 years, has been barred by law since 2011 from partnering with China no Chinese astronaut has ever been aboard the International Space Station, which has been host to astronauts from nearly 20 nations. There is no prospect of that changing anytime soon in a Washington where China is seen as a fierce competitor in a wide range of technological endeavors, from quantum computers to the rollout of 5G.That is especially true for space, since the technologies used in space are also used for national defense, said Scott Kennedy, an analyst at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.These deep concerns about China as a military competitor forestalls cooperation in dual-use technologies, and there are no technologies used in space that arent dual use, he said. U.S. and China cooperation in space, he said, would require the kind of detente that the U.S. and Soviet Union achieved toward the end of the Cold War. But we are very far from that.Story continues below advertisementChinas space agency has shown remarkable progress on its path to becoming a preeminent spacefaring power. In 2019, it landed an uncrewed spacecraft on the far side of the moon, a first. Last month, it became only the second country, after the U.S., to land a rover on Mars. Earlier this week, China and Russia announced plans to build an international base on the moon. And then came Thursdays launch.About six hours after that launch, the astronauts docked with Chinas Tiangong space station.In a statement, Nelson congratulated China on the successful launch of crew to their space station! I look forward to the scientific discoveries to come.Story continues below advertisementBut, like the Trump administration before him, Nelson has sought to leverage Chinas space ambitions as a way to get Congress to fund NASAs plans to return to the moon, while the space agency works to build an international coalition of its own.Another front in the tensions between the U.S. and China: SpaceNASA had been planning to fly astronauts to the moon by 2028. But the Trump administration sought to accelerate that, mandating the space agency do it by 2024, a highly aggressive timetable that few thought possible. Under the Biden administration, NASA is currently reviewing the lunar program, dubbed Artemis, but Nelson has embraced it, and its aggressive timeline. And he has spent his first few weeks as NASA administrator picking up where his predecessor, Jim Bridenstine, left off: lobbying Congress for the funds to make it happen.Nelsons strategy, in part, is to cast China as a competitor.Story continues below advertisementSpeaking before House appropriators last month, Nelson said that China was seeking to land humans on the moon in the 2020s. That, he said, should motivate Congress to give NASA more money for its Artemis program as it seeks to develop a spacecraft, known as the Human Landing System, that would ferry astronauts to the lunar surface. In addition to the Artemis program, Nelson has also called for the life of the International Space Station, which has had humans living on it continuously for more than 20 years, to be extended to 2030.Last year, Congress appropriated $850 million for the lunar lander, well short of NASAs $3.3 billion request. In its request for funding in this years budget, NASA has requested $1.2 billion for the lander, but the program is currently tied up in litigation.Meanwhile, Nelson has said he hopes Congress gives NASA the money it needs to compete. Chinas lunar ambitions should tell us something about our need to get off our duff and get on our human landing system program going, vigorously, and NASA can't do it alone, he said during the House hearing.Story continues below advertisementAt another point in the hearing, he held up a photograph for the committee of the Zhurong rover that landed on Mars last month. I want you to see this photograph, he said, adding that it was a part of Chinas goal to eclipse the U.S. in space.A key part of NASAs Artemis program is, at the moment, stalled, however.After NASA awarded SpaceX a $3 billion contract in April to use its Starship spacecraft to fly astronauts to and from the lunar surface, the losing bidders, Jeff Bezos Blue Origin and Dynetics, a defense contractor, protested the award to the Government Accountability Office. That has forced NASA to put a hold on the contract.Story continues below advertisementMeantime, Congress has passed a bill that would require NASA to award two lunar lander contracts for future lunar missions. But its not clear that the $10 billion authorized to fund the contracts will get appropriated by Congress.A recent bright spot for the program, though, is NASAs much beleaguered Space Launch System rocket, which would send NASA astronauts to the moon. After years of delays, it successfully completed a full-duration engine test. The massive, 212-foot core stage of the rocket was shipped to the Kennedy Space Center, where it has been mated with its side solid rocket boosters. Nelson has repeatedly said it could fly for the first time this year in a trip that would propel the Orion spacecraft, without any astronauts on board, on an autonomous trip around the moon.NASA is also building an international coalition to support the lunar mission and create norms of behavior in space. Signatories to the so-called Artemis Accords would be able to partner with NASA in its lunar exploration program but would be required to adhere to a set of standards including the public release of scientific data. The program began in 2020 under the trump administration, but has been continued under President Biden. Earlier this week, Nelson welcomed Brazil as the newest signatory.Story continues below advertisementChina, meanwhile, also is seeking international collaboration for the moon. Earlier this week, it announced an International Lunar Research Station, a joint program with Russia. In a statement, the two countries space agencies said they jointly invite all interested international partners to cooperate and contribute more for the peaceful exploration and use of [the] moon in the interests of all humankind, adhering to the principle of equality, openness and integrity.